ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: This article describes the main differences between COVID-19-induced acute kidney injury (AKI-COVID19) in patients with previous normal renal function (AKI-NRF) and those with chronic kidney disease (AKI-CKD) treated in a high complexity clinic in Barranquilla (Colombia). Material and Methods: The patients included in this study (n: 572) were those with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by detection of a positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Of these patients, 188 developed AKI during their hospital stay. Patients' epidemiological data, serum parameters, and clinical frailty status were recorded. Statistical analysis and comparison among AKI-NRF, AKI-CKD, and non-AKI patients were performed. Results: The incidence of COVID-19-induced AKI was 33%, with the majority classified as AKIN 1, 16% requiring renal replacement therapy, and AKI-COVID19 mortality of 68%. A significantly higher prevalence of hypertension, cardiac disease, and serum reactive C-protein and lower albumin values in AKI-CKD patients was recorded. Mortality rate, invasive ventilation requirement, and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in AKI-NRF patients: Conclusion: Different clinical patterns between AKI-NRF and AKI-CKD were documented.
Resumo Introdução: Este artigo descreve as principais diferenças entre a lesão renal aguda induzida por COVID-19 (LRA-COVID19) em pacientes com função renal normal prévia (LRA-FRN) e aqueles com doença renal crônica (LRA-DRC) atendidos em uma clínica de alta complexidade em Barranquilla (Colômbia). Material e Métodos: Os pacientes incluídos neste estudo (n: 572) foram aqueles com um diagnóstico positivo de COVID-19 confirmado pela detecção de PCR positivo para SARS-CoV-2. Destes pacientes, 188 desenvolveram LRA durante sua internação. Foram registrados os dados epidemiológicos, os parâmetros séricos e o estado de fragilidade clínica dos pacientes. Foram feitas a análise estatística e a comparação entre pacientes com LRA-FRN, LRA-DRC, e pacientes sem LRA. Resultados: A incidência de LRA induzida por COVID-19 foi de 33%, com a maioria classificada como AKIN 1, 16% exigindo terapia renal substitutiva, e a mortalidade por LRA-COVID19 foi de 68%. Foi registrada uma prevalência significativamente mais alta de hipertensão, doença cardíaca e proteína C reativa sérica e valores mais baixos de albumina em pacientes com LRA-DRC. A taxa de mortalidade, a necessidade de ventilação invasiva e os níveis de dímero-D foram significativamente mais altos em pacientes com LRA-FRN. Conclusão: Foram documentados padrões clínicos diferentes entre LRA-FRN e LRA-DRC.
ABSTRACT
Resumen El nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causante de la enfermedad COVID-19, presenta una alta mortalidad en pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes e hipertensión, trastornos que comparten la fisiopatología subyacente relacionada con el sistema renina-angiotensina (RAS). El SARS-CoV-2 utiliza la proteína de la membrana angiotensina I y convierte a la enzima convertidora de angiotensina tipo 2 (ACE2) en un receptor de entrada celular; por tanto, el RAS, regulado por ACE y ACE2, puede verse alterado en pacientes con COVID-19. Sin embargo, aún no es claro si el uso de fármacos antihipertensivos inhibidores de la ACE2 y bloqueadores del receptor de angiotensina II podría potencializar el daño ocasionado por el virus o contrarrestar su efecto, sobre todo a nivel pulmonar. El desafío se ve agravado por la información exagerada publicada en diferentes revistas científicas, la cual podría llevar a acciones inapropiadas, por lo que es importante diferenciar rápidamente la verdadera epidemia de hipótesis falsas, que podría llevar a conductas medicas potencialmente dañinas.
Abstract The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes the disease COVID-19, has a high mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and hypertension, disorders that share the underlying pathophysiology related to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). SARS-CoV-2 uses the membrane protein angiotensin I and converts angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) into a cellular entry receptor, therefore, RAS, regulated by ACE and ACE2, can be altered in COVID-19 patients. However, it is not yet clear whether the use of antihypertensive drugs ACE2 inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers could potentiate the damage caused by the virus or counteract its effect, especially in the lungs. The challenge is compounded by the exaggerated information published in different scientific journals, which could lead to inappropriate actions, so it is important to quickly differentiate the true epidemic from false hypotheses, which could lead to potentially harmful medical behaviors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiovascular Diseases , COVID-19 , Patients , Renin-Angiotensin System , Colombia , Epidemics , Pulmonary Arterial HypertensionABSTRACT
Resumen Presentar una serie de casos de COVID-19 con requerimiento de ingreso a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. La información fue tomada de las historias clínicas, y su evaluación y diagnóstico fue realizado mediante estudios paraclínicos en sangre, orina, PCR e imágenes diagnósticas en 4 pacientes con diferentes comorbilidades y nexo epidemiológico presente para desarrollo de la enfermedad. Los cuatro casos fueron manejados con cloroquina 300 mg vía oral, cada 12 horas, y azitromicina 1 gr vía oral, cada 24 horas, durante 5 días, sin complicaciones ni toxicidad asociada. El caso 1 desarrolló falla orgánica múltiple, incluyendo injuria renal aguda con una estancia en UCI de 4 días antes de su fallecimiento, mientras los casos 2, 3 y 4 tuvieron una evolución favorable y fueron dados de alta de UCI. Se requieren estudios multicéntricos rápidos que orienten científicamente hacia un mejor abordaje diagnóstico y manejo, en el contexto de una enfermedad con un comportamiento clínico-epidemiológico que debe estudiarse en profundidad y que probablemente cobrará muchas vidas; además, debido a la ausencia de pruebas diagnósticas rápidas, la utilización de una clasificación basada en la severidad de lesiones radiológicas llamada CO-RADS (Covid-19 Imaging Reporting and Data System) podría ser de gran importancia para instalar de manera temprana los tratamientos farmacológicos disponibles y la asistencia respiratoria mecánica precoz.
Abstract To present a COVID-19 case series with clinical admission criteria to Intensive Care Unit. Patients information was obtained from medical records, and daily clinical evaluation whereas diagnosis was carried out through paraclinical studies in blood, urine, PCR and diagnostic images in 4 patients with different comorbidities and epidemiological link for the development of COVID-19. All four cases were managed with chloroquine 300 mg orally every 12 hours and azithromycin orally every 24 hours for 5 days without complications or associated toxicity. The case 1 developed multiple organ failure, including acute kidney injury with an ICU stay of 4 days before his death, while cases 2, 3 and 4 had a favorable evolution and were discharged from the ICU. Rapid multicenter studies are required to scientifically guide a better diagnostic and management approach, in the context of a disease with a clinical-epidemiological behavior that must be studied in depth and will probably take many lives. In addition, due to the absence of sufficiently rapid tests, the use of a classification based on the severity of radiological lesions called CO-RADS (Covid-19 Imaging Reporting and Data System) could be of great importance to install available pharmacological treatments early and early mechanical respiratory support.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , COVID-19 , Hospitalization , Patients , Colombia , Critical Care , Diagnosis , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue presentar una serie de casos de COVID-19 con manifestaciones atípicas de la enfermedad. Los casos fueron atendidos por un equipo interdisciplinario de personal de la salud de una clínica de cuarto nivel en Barranquilla, Colombia, y posteriormente los investigadores tomaron los datos de las historias clínicas. Se evaluaron tres casos: el primero tuvo evolución tórpida y coinfección con virus de la influenza H1N1 y los otros dos, manifestaciones gastrointestinales como debut de la enfermedad; todos tuvieron desenlace satisfactorio. La pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 cada día cobra más vidas, por lo que para identificar oportunamente a los infectados y tomar medidas tanto terapéuticas como de prevención y así evitar la propagación de la enfermedad y lograr su control, es necesario realizar reportes de caso en donde se evidencie la diversa variedad de presentaciones de COVID-19.
Abstract The objective of this work is to present a series of cases of COVID-19 with atypical manifestations of the disease. The cases were evaluated by an interdisciplinary team of health personnel from a fourth-level clinic in Barranquilla, Colombia, and the data was subsequently taken from the clinical history of each patient. Three cases were evaluated, initially the first case with torpid evolution, coinfection with H1N1 influenza virus, however, with satisfactory outcome, and cases two and three with gastrointestinal manifestations as disease debut, with satisfactory evolution. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic takes more lives every day, so it is necessary to describe the cases and their diverse variety of presentation, to identify the infected and take both therapeutic and preventive measures. To prevent the spread of the disease and achieve its control.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Case Reports , COVID-19 , Therapeutics , Colombia , Diagnosis , PandemicsABSTRACT
A finales del 2019 se inició en Wuhan, China, el brote de un nuevo coronavirus que se dispersó por todo el mundo infectando y cobrando miles de vidas. Se ha encontrado que ciertas comorbilidades constituyen factores de riesgo para resultados poco satisfactorios de la enfermedad, pero es poco lo que se ha descrito sobre pacientes en hemodiálisis, a pesar de tratarse de una población de alto riesgo de infección, complicaciones y muerte. En este artículo se describe el curso clínico, las manifestaciones clínicas y las complicaciones de la COVID-19 en siete pacientes en hemodiálisis permanente y se hacen recomendaciones para el manejo de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica.
At the end of 2019, in Wuhan, China, the outbreak of a new coronavirus began and quickly spread throughout the world infecting and claiming thousands of lives. To date, certain comorbidities are known to be risk factors for unsatisfactory disease outcomes, but little has been reported regarding hemodialysis patients despite being a population at high risk of infection, complications, and death. Here we describe the clinical course, clinical manifestations and complications of COVID-19 in seven patients on permanent hemodialysis. We also make recommendations for the management of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Subject(s)
Renal Dialysis , Coronavirus Infections , Case Reports , Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeABSTRACT
Resumen La fístula arteriovenosa nativa (FAVn) constituye el acceso ideal en los pacientes de hemodiálisis, sin embargo, necesita un periodo de maduración desde su construcción quirúrgica; en este periodo, que suele tardar más de 8 semanas, se expone a los pacientes a un tiempo mayor con catéteres. El presente artículo describe cuatro casos de canulación temprana (<3 semanas) que se llevaron a cabo con base en la experticia del personal de enfermería y algunos criterios ecográficos.
Abstract The native arteriovenous fistula (nAVF) is the ideal access in patients in hemodialysis, however, traditionally requires a period of maturation from its surgical construction that usually takes more than 8 weeks, exposing patients to a longer time with catheters; In this article, we describe 4 cases of early cannulation (<3 weeks) based on nursing staff expertise and ultrasound criteria.